Informed & Educated

preoperative informed consent: is it truly informed?

background: pre-operative informed consent is an important aspect of surgery, yet there has been no formal training regarding it in pakistan. this study was done to assess the preoperative informed consent practice. methods: after taking informed permission, a questionnaire was filled in during an interview with 350 patients, who have undergone elective surgical procedures under routine practic...

Social Networks of Educated Nematodes

Entomopathogenic nematodes are obligate lethal parasitoids of insect larvae that navigate a chemically complex belowground environment while interacting with their insect hosts, plants, and each other. In this environment, prior exposure to volatile compounds appears to prime nematodes in a compound specific manner, increasing preference for volatiles they previously were exposed to and decreas...

Mesenchymal stem cell-educated macrophages

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) mediate their immunosuppressive effects via a variety of mechanisms. One of these mechanisms involves the induction of macrophages with immunomodulatory capacities. This effect of MSC may be exploited when MSC are used as a cell therapeutic product. Furthermore, MSC are resident in tissues where they may locally target infiltrating macrophages to adapt more regulato...

When is Informed Consent “Informed”?

Typically, a consent document in the United States is a printed form with blank spaces in which the operative procedure is filled in. The form is signed by the patient, and placed into the medical record. At first glance, it would seem that the patient was told of the operative procedure and gave his or her consent. Yet informed consent, or, more accurately, lack of informed consent, is a frequ...

Job satisfaction comparison between foreign educated nurses and U.S. educated nurses